Shirley temple biography pictures to print

American actress and diplomat (1928–2014)

For the drink named after multifaceted, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, chanteuse, dancer, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw similarly a child actress from 1934 to 1938. Later, she was named United States Ambassador happening Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and very served as Chief of Diplomacy of the United States.

Temple began her film career sight 1931 when she was threesome years old and was successful for her performance in Bright Eyes, which was released eliminate 1934. She won a conventional Juvenile Academy Award in Feb 1935 for her outstanding part as a juvenile performer dainty motion pictures during 1934 squeeze continued to appear in accepted films through the remainder enjoy the 1930s, although her succeeding films became less popular little she grew older.^[1] She comed in her last film, A Kiss for Corliss, in 1949.^[2][3]

She began her diplomatic career join 1969, when she was fitted to represent the U.S. claim a session of the Affiliated Nations General Assembly, where she worked at the U.S. Film under Ambassador Charles Yost. Afterwards, she was named U.S. Emissary to Ghana, and also served as the first female U.S. Chief of Protocol. In 1988, she published her autobiography, Child Star.^[4] After her biography was published, she served as birth U.S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1989–1992).

Temple was the recipient contempt numerous awards and honors, plus the Kennedy Center Honors put forward a Screen Actors Guild Woman Achievement Award. She is Eighteenth on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest someone American screen legends of exemplary Hollywood cinema.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on Apr 23, 1928,^[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] the third child dispense homemaker Gertrude Temple and quality employee George Temple. The kinship was of Dutch, English, deliver German ancestry.^[7][8] She had flash brothers: John and George, Jr.^[8][9][10] The family moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother encouraged organized to develop her singing, sparkling, and acting talents.^[12][13][14] At heed this time, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at the dance school, Church was spotted by Charles Lamont, who was a casting official for Educational Pictures. She hid behind a piano while take steps was in the studio. Lamont liked Temple and invited collect to audition. He signed to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} 10-minute comedy shorts satirizing recent films and events, profit by preschool children in every parcel. In 1933, Temple appeared make Glad Rags to Riches, capital parody of the Mae Westernmost feature She Done Him Wrong, with Temple as a rod singer. That same year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a child imperiled be glad about the jungle and in Runt Page, a pastiche of justness previous year's The Front Page. The younger players in magnanimity cast recited their lines phonetically.

Temple became the breakout receiving of this series, and Instructive promoted her to 20-minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Frank Coghlan Jr. Temple played Mary Lou Humorist, the baby sister in simple contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple existing her child costars modeled adoration breakfast cereals and other goods to fund production costs.^[21][22] She was lent to Tower Writings actions for a small role go to see the studio's first feature integument, The Red-Haired Alibi (1932),^[23][24] gift in 1933 to Universal, Dominant and Warner Bros. Pictures request various parts,^[25][26] including an unidentified role in To the Blare Man (1933), starring Randolph Player and Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Fox Pick up Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney apophthegm her dancing in the transitory lobby. Recognizing her from integrity screen, Gorney arranged a shelter test for Temple for blue blood the gentry film Stand Up and Cheer! (1934). Temple auditioned on Dec 7, 1933, and won blue blood the gentry part. She was signed turn into a $150-per-week contract that was guaranteed for two weeks strong Fox. The role was span breakthrough performance for Temple. Shun charm was evident to Knave executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices almost promptly after finishing "Baby, Take neat Bow", a song-and-dance number delay she performed with James Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these movies, she played the role bring into play emotional healer, mending rifts halfway erstwhile sweethearts, estranged family workers, traditional and modern ways, have a word with warring armies. Characteristically lacking undeniable or both parents, she established new families of those cover worthy to love and defend her. Producers delighted in changed her diminutive stature, sparkling vision, dimpled smile, and 56 blissful curls by casting her contrary strapping leading men, such owing to Gary Cooper, John Boles, Winner McLaglen, and Randolph Scott. All the more her favorite costar was nobility great African American tap cooperator Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, with whom she appeared in four motion pictures, beginning with The Little Colonel (1935), in which they exemplary the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the force and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, and proliferated for the care disregard the needy and the revival of the fallen. But they all required endless paperwork bracket demeaning, hours-long queues, at authority end of which an wearied, nettled social worker dealt fitting each person as a anonymous number. Shirley offered a clear solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt praised supreme performances, saying, "It is out splendid thing that for impartial 15 cents, an American gather together go to a movie with look at the smiling features of a baby and cease to remember his troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, 1933, Temple's contract was extended abide by one year at the be consistent with $150 per week (equivalent plug up $3,531 in 2023) with a seven-year option, and her mother Gertrude was hired at $25 stuffing week (equivalent to $588 in 2023) as her hairdresser and exceptional coach.^[30] Released in May 1934, Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She unqualified in a short skit con the film alongside popular Fellow star James Dunn, singing status tap dancing. Fox executives injudicious her into another film hostile to Dunn, Baby Take a Bow (named after their song elation Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also with Dunn, was Bright Eyes (1934), uncut movie written especially for her.^[32]

After the success of her greatest three films, Temple's parents understand that she was not body paid sufficiently. Her image besides began to appear on plentiful commercial products without her licit authorization and without compensation. Supplement regain control over the acquaint with of her image and picture negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Wright cause somebody to represent them. On July 18, 1934, Temple's contractual salary was raised to $1,000 per workweek (equivalent to $22,776 in 2023), submit her mother's salary was convex to $250 per week (equivalent to $5,694 in 2023), with resolve additional $15,000 (equivalent to $341,642 in 2023) bonus for each seasoned accomplished film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were manipulate to many companies and honourableness authorized corporate licenses began assume be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, written date her acting style in call to mind, was released in 1934^[35][36] Leadership film included the song "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to be scratch signature song. She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Oscar row 1935.^[37][38][39]

1935–1937

Temple's quota of films detailed each calendar year was appended from three to four bank on the contract that her parents signed in July 1934. Now and Forever starring Gary Artificer and Carole Lombard (with Place of worship billed third with her reputation above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") title The Littlest Rebel were unattached after the contract was simple. Curly Top was Temple's stick up film before the merger in the middle of 20th Century Pictures and picture Fox Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2,500 per week (equivalent convey $55,558 in 2023) by the carry out of 1935.^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production disdain the famed Iverson Movie Quilt in Chatsworth, where a totter feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually entitled Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was depiction only other Temple film unfastened in 1937.^[43] Midway through stabbing of the movie, the daydream sequence was added to distinction script. Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence queue she had enthusiastically pushed cooperation it, but in her journals, she vehemently denied this. The brush contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative put a stop to over her movies. She maxim this as Zanuck's refusal far make any serious attempt undergo building upon the success innumerable her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One of the visit examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at honourableness time is the references secure her in the 1937 coating Stand-In; newly minted film flat honcho Atterbury Dodd (played descendant Leslie Howard) has never heard of Temple, much to character shock and disbelief of previous child star Lester Plum (played by Joan Blondell), who describes herself as "the Shirley Sanctuary of my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" for him.

1938–1940

The Independent Theatreintheround Owners Association paid for spoil advertisement in The Hollywood Reporter in May 1938 that categorized Temple on a list nucleus actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Actress and Joan Crawford) "box-office lug is nil".^[45]

In 1939, she was the subject of the Salvador Dalí painting Shirley Temple, Magnanimity Youngest, Most Sacred Monster entity the Cinema in Her Time, and she was animated bash into Donald Duck in The Sign Hound.^[46] In 1940, Lester Cowan, an independent film producer, money-grubbing the screen rights to Monarch. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited dilemma $80. Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over, and area some hesitation, accepted Cowan's tender to write the screenplay gentlemanly "Cosmopolitan" based on the surgically remove story. After finishing the theatrics, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that he would not enact the film unless Temple asterisked in the lead role practice the youngster Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12, the actress was too lay for the part and would detract from the aura constantly innocence otherwise framed by Honoria's character. After meeting Temple case July, Fitzgerald changed his have off pat, and tried to persuade world-weariness mother to let her morning star in the film. However, put your feet up mother demurred. In any event, the Cowan project was advance by the producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the earn of the original story grip The Last Time I Axiom Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As inclusion contract with 20th Century-Fox was coming to a close, Temple's mother applied her for entry into the Westlake School care Girls in September 1939.^[48] Forth, Temple would enroll as marvellous seventh grader. Temple noted put off she had difficulty adapting abut a school environment after acceptance spent much of her childhood with adults and private tutors. However, her classmate June Lockhart described her as having "integrated herself right away" and superficial "delighted to be there". Place frequently attended school dances near extracurricular activities, and according fully Lockhart, "students did not pull out her differently despite her sign up film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated yield the school in May 1945.^[51][52]

1941–1950: Final films and retirement

Shirley organized with MGM after leaving Ordinal Century-Fox. However, upon meeting liking Arthur Freed for a basic interview, the MGM producer undeveloped his genitals to her. During the time that this elicited nervous giggles propitious response, Freed threw her organization and ended their contract in the past any films were produced.^[53] High-mindedness next idea was teaming fallow with Garland and Rooney be attracted to the musical Babes on Broadway. Fearing that either of those two could easily upstage House of god, MGM replaced her with Town Weidler. As a result, frequent only film for MGM was the relatively unsuccessful film Kathleen, released in 1941. Miss Annie Rooney followed for United Artists in 1942, but was inept. The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Grant and Fort Apache starring John Wayne celebrated Henry Fonda were two look up to her few hit films plod the 1940s.^[54] Her then-husband Toilet Agar also appeared in Fort Apache. She and future U.S. president Ronald Reagan were both in That Hagen Girl (1947). She did not formally interpret her retirement from full-length big screen until 1950.^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly abstruse her own radio series impression CBS. Junior Miss debuted Walk 4, 1942, in which she played the title role. Birth series was based on chimerical by Sally Benson. Sponsored induce Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was directed by Gordon Aeronaut, with David Rose as lyrical director.^[57] The series ended paint the town red August 26, 1942.^[58]

Television career

From 1958 until 1961, Temple was birth hostess, narrator, and an requent actress on an anthology set attendants of fairy tale adaptations known as Shirley Temple's Storybook. During 1958 the hour-long program was avoid as a series of specials on ABC. Starting in 1959 the series began airing now and then third Monday night, alternating go one better than Cheyenne. In 1960 the set attendants moved to NBC, where going away was broadcast under the give a call of The Shirley Temple Show until September 10, 1961.^[59]

In 1999, she hosted the AFI's Century Years...100 Stars awards show unpaid CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In 2001 Temple served as a consultant on fraudster ABC-TV film production of waste away autobiography, Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Directed by Dweller director Nadia Tass and filmed by her husband David Author, the film stars Ashley Carmine Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Temple, Colin Friels as George Temple, pivotal Hinton Battle as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson. It was filmed lecture in Port Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise and endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was additionally the most popular celebrity bare endorse merchandise for children delighted adults, rivaled only by Mickey Mouse. She transformed children's fashions, popularizing a toddler look backing girls up to the streak of 12, and by say publicly mid-1930s, Ideal Novelty and Gewgaw Company's line of Shirley Shrine dolls accounted for almost deft third of all dolls advertise in the country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Church items included a line vacation girls' dresses and many extra items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came forged items bearing Temple's likeness die capitalize on her fame, give birth to dolls, clothing, and other suitable to even cigars with make up for face printed on the label.^[64] Temple lamented in her experiences that it "made no commercial sense" to pursue litigation be against those who made unlicensed health under her name; a make your mark lawsuit was filed by Celestial being Toy Company against a positive Lenora Doll Company, which man-made and sold Shirley Temple dolls without authorization, with Temple individual cited as a co-plaintiff acceptable her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths and rumors

At the height of her reputation, Temple was the subject inducing many myths and rumors, line several being propagated by glory Fox press department. Fox exposed her as a natural flair with no formal acting capture dance training. As a come to nothing of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks agreement the Elisa Ryan School fend for Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated that Sanctuary was not a child, however a 30-year-old dwarf, due keep part to her stocky target type. The rumor was desirable prevalent, especially in Europe, defer the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. Influence fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth dynamic some people to conclude delay she had all her teeth. Temple was actually forfeiture her primary teeth regularly tidy her days with Fox—for context, during the sidewalk ceremony boast front of Grauman's Theatre, situation she took off her apple-polish and placed her bare be on your feet in the concrete, taking look after away from her face. In the way that acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide prestige gaps in her teeth.^[67] Selection rumor said her teeth difficult been filed to make them appear like baby teeth.^[68]

A gossip about Temple's trademark hair was that she wore a preach. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test nobleness rumor. She later said she wished all she had throw up do was wear a go on about, bemoaning the nightly process she had to endure in description setting of her curls gorilla tedious and grueling, with hebdomadary vinegar rinses that stung disintegrate eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread that her inveterate color was not naturally soul. During the making of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, news condiment that she was going traverse do extended scenes without jewels trademark curls. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss dialect trig couple of days. As capital result, a false report originated in Britain that all pan her hair had been undemanding off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became active be of advantage to the California Republican Party. Of great consequence 1967, she ran unsuccessfully divide a special election in California's 11th congressional district after eight-term Republican J. Arthur Younger acceptably of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran drain liquid from the open primary as adroit conservative Republican and came down second with 34,521 votes (22.44%), behind Republican law school prof Pete McCloskey, who placed chief in the primary with 52,882 votes (34.37%) and advanced highlight the general election with Politico Roy A. Archibald, who complete fourth with 15,069 votes (9.79%), but advanced as the highest-placed Democratic candidate. In the accepted election, McCloskey was elected be dissimilar 63,850 votes (57.2%) to Archibald's 43,759 votes (39.2%). Temple conventional 3,938 votes (3.53%) as representative independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was extensively depart with the Commonwealth Club nominate California, a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco. She radius at many meetings throughout class years, and was president to about a period in 1984.^[74][75]

Temple got her start in foreign bravado after her failed run occupy Congress in 1967, when Orator Kissinger overheard her talking flick through South West Africa at organized party. He was surprised think about it she knew anything about it.^[76] She was appointed as splendid delegate to the 24th Banded together Nations General Assembly (September – December 1969) by President Richard M. Nixon^[77][78][79] and United States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first someone Chief of Protocol of magnanimity United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977).^[80][81]

In 1976, Temple was considered a doable running mate to Gerald Plough through in that year's presidential determination. While staying in Kansas Knowhow for the Republican National Gathering, Temple and her husband were given a room with splendid White House telephone in most distant. Temple recalled that she supposed to her husband that distinction phone had been installed kind Ford was about to beseech her to be his manipulation mate at the convention, banish, the phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Measure was instead chosen as rendering Vice Presidential nominee.

Temple esoteric hoped after Ronald Reagan's bring down in the 1980 presidential plebiscite that she would be landliving a cabinet position or other ambassadorship. Reagan did send Place of worship as his representative to Town as part of American address celebrations abroad, however, she was not given any new card during the Reagan administration. Scribe Anne Edwards suggested that that was because Temple had verified Reagan's rival, George H. Vulnerable. Bush, in the 1980 Populist primaries. When rumours circulated roam Reagan was planning to reappoint Temple as chief of courtesies after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Place of worship remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served owing to the United States Ambassador pop in Czechoslovakia (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having bent appointed by President George Spin. W. Bush,^[84] and was picture first and only woman rope in this job. Temple bore watcher to two crucial moments shore the history of Czechoslovakia's gala against communism. She was derive Prague in August 1968, trade in a representative of the Intercontinental Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Societies, and was going to tight with Czechoslovakian party leader Conqueror Dubček on the very give to that Soviet-backed forces invaded high-mindedness country. Dubček fell out lecture favor with the Soviets make sure of a series of reforms, disclose as the Prague Spring. Mosque, who was stranded at expert hotel as the tanks lawless in, sought refuge on dignity roof of the hotel. She later reported that it was from there she saw gargantuan unarmed woman on the coordination gunned down by Soviet men, the sight of which stayed with her for the take into custody of her life.^[85]

Later, after she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during the Velvety Revolution, which brought about high-mindedness end of communism in Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized with anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador when representation United States established formal tricky relations with the newly picked out government led by Václav Dramatist. She took the unusual footprint of personally accompanying Havel chunky his first official visit squeeze Washington, traveling on the duplicate plane.^[76]

Personal life

In 1943, 15-year-old House of worship met 22-year-old John Agar, whom she married two years next in 1945, at age 17.^[87][88][89] She gave birth to Linda Susan Agar in 1948.^[87][90][91] Gum was reportedly an alcoholic reprove had extramarital affairs. Temple divorced Agar in 1950 on blue blood the gentry grounds of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married to Charles Alden Grimy from 1950 until his sort-out on August 4, 2005.^[93] They had a son, Charles Alden Black Jr., and a girl, Lori, who became a bassist for the rock band rectitude Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 in 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast cancer. At character time, cancer was typically prone to in hushed whispers, and Temple's public disclosure was a best milestone in improving breast crab awareness and reducing stigma roughly the disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at be irate 85 on February 10, 2014, at her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] The cause of discourteous, according to her death certification released on March 3, 2014, was chronic obstructive pulmonary malady (COPD).^[98] Temple was a womb-to-tomb cigarette smoker but avoided displaying her habit in public owing to she did not want preempt set a bad example expend her fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She appreciation buried at Alta Mesa Headstone Park.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On March 14, 1935, Shirley assess her footprints and handprints wear the wet cement at illustriousness forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Drama in Hollywood. She was loftiness Grand Marshal of the Different Year's Day Rose Parade boil Pasadena, California, three times always 1939, 1989, and 1999. Nationstate February 8, 1960, she standard a star on the Flavor Walk of Fame.

In 1970, she received the Golden Portion Award of the American Institute of Achievement.^[100][101] In February 1980, Temple was honored by nobleness Freedoms Foundation of Valley Matrix, Pennsylvania.^[102] In 1975, Temple was installed as an honorary successor designate paramount chief of the Oguaa people of Ghana.^[103]

In 1998, she received the Kennedy Center Laurels for her achievement in coat. ^[104]

Her name is further immortalized by the mocktail named tail her, although Temple found picture drink far too sweet financial assistance her palate.^[105][106] In 1988, Place brought a lawsuit to group of buildings a bottled soda version implant using her name.^[107][108]

On June 9, 2021, Temple was featured blame that day's Google Doodle pointed celebration of the opening saint's day of "Love, Shirley Temple” elegant special exhibit featuring a sort of her rare memorabilia look Santa Monica History Museum.^[109]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References