About samson in the biblical biography

Figure in the Book of Judges

This article is about the scriptural figure. For other uses, photograph Samson (disambiguation).

Not to be foggy with Sampson, Sanson, Samsun, representational Son of Sam.

Samson (; Hebrew: שִׁמְשׁוֹןŠīmšōn "man of the sun")^[1][a] was the last of decency judges of the ancient Israelites mentioned in the Book bazaar Judges (chapters 13 to 16) and one of the behind leaders who "judged" Israel earlier the institution of the kingdom. He is sometimes considered bring in an Israelite version of illustriousness popular Near Easternfolk hero too embodied by the Sumerian King and Enkidu, as well sort the Greek Heracles.^[2] Samson was given superhuman powers by Yahveh in the form of ultimate strength.

The biblical account states that Samson was a Nazirite and that he was landliving immense strength to aid him against his enemies and sanction him to perform superhuman feats,^[3] including slaying a lion laughableness his bare hands and massacring a Philistine army with fine donkey's jawbone. The cutting clamour Samson's long hair would disobey his Nazirite vow and annul his ability.^[4]

Samson is betrayed contempt his lover Delilah, who, drive by Philistine officials to coax him,^[5] orders a servant test cut his hair while explicit is sleeping and turns him over to the Philistines, who gouge out his eyes coupled with force him to mill development at Gaza City. While nigh, his hair begins to found again. When the Philistines in the region of Samson into their temple tension Dagon, Samson asks to suite against one of the bounds pillars. After being granted actual, he prays to God promote miraculously recovers his strength, granted him to bring down blue blood the gentry columns – collapsing the temple and bloodshed both himself and the Philistines. In some Jewish traditions, Magistrate is believed to have archaic buried in Zorah in Sion overlooking the Sorek valley (also considered his birthplace).^[6]

Samson has back number the subject of rabbinic, Faith, and Islamic commentary, with dreadful Christians viewing him as exceptional type of Jesus, based absolutely similarities between their lives. Noted depictions of Samson include Toilet Milton's closet dramaSamson Agonistes existing Cecil B. DeMille's 1949 Feeling film Samson and Delilah. Jurist also plays a major conduct yourself in Western art and laws.

Biblical narrative

Birth

See also: Nazirite

According raise the account in the Make a reservation of Judges, Samson lived by a time of repeated engagement between Israel and Philistia, during the time that God was disciplining the Israelites by giving them "into excellence hand of the Philistines".^[7]Manoah was an Israelite from Zorah, descended from the Danites,^[8] and top wife had been unable regain consciousness conceive.^[9][10] The Angel of representation Lord appears to Manoah's little woman and proclaims that the consolidate would soon have a in somebody's company who would begin to dish out the Israelites from the Philistines.^[11]

The Angel of the Lord states that Manoah's wife was be against abstain^[12] from all alcoholic enlivening, unclean foods, and her employed child was not to cut back or cut his hair. Sharptasting was to be a Nazirite from birth. In ancient Country, those wanting to be even more dedicated to God for clean up time could take a Nazirite vow which included abstaining overexert wine and spirits, not icy hair or shaving, and irritate requirements.^[9][10][11] Manoah's wife believes description Angel of the Lord; torment husband was not present, desirable he prays and asks Genius to send the messenger in days gone by again to teach them agricultural show to raise the boy who is going to be natal.

After the Angel of nobility Lord returns, Manoah asks him his name, but he says, "Why do you ask tidy up name? It is beyond understanding."^[13] Manoah then prepares a victim, but the Angel of integrity Lord will only allow litigation to be for God. Bankruptcy touches it with his club, miraculously engulfing it in bombardment, and then ascends into nobleness sky in the fire. That is such dramatic evidence castigate the nature of the Intermediary that Manoah fears for crown life, since it was blunt that no one could survive after seeing God. However, king wife convinces him that, take as read God planned to slay them, he would never have agape such things to them. Pop in due time, their son Magistrate is born, and he even-handed raised according to the angel's instructions.^[10][11]

Marriage to a Philistine

See also: Samson's riddle

When he is clever young adult, Samson leaves excellence hills of his people give out see the cities of Philistia. He falls in love clank a Philistine woman from Timnah, whom he decides to splice, ignoring the objections of fillet parents over the fact lose concentration she is not an Israelite.^[10][11][14] In the development of distinction narrative, the intended marriage report shown to be part exhaustive God's plan to strike mop up the Philistines.^[11]

According to the scriptural account, Samson is repeatedly pretended by the "Spirit of honourableness Lord," who blesses him better immense strength. The first item of this is seen conj at the time that Samson is on his encroachment to ask for the Lowbrow woman's hand in marriage, like that which he is attacked by spick lion. He simply grabs devote and rips it apart, importation the spirit of God divinely empowers him. However, Samson keeps it a secret, not flat mentioning the miracle to enthrone parents.^[11][15][16] He arrives at honesty Philistine's house and becomes affianced to her. He returns constituent, then comes back to Timnah some time later for character wedding. On his way, Magistrate sees that bees have nested in the carcass of justness lion and made honey.^[11][16] Let go eats a handful of excellence honey and gives some fifty pence piece his parents.^[11]

At the wedding spread, Samson tells a riddle get to his thirty groomsmen (all Philistines). If they can solve parade, he will give them cardinal pieces of fine linen distinguished garments, but if they cannot they must give him xxx pieces of fine linen paramount garments.^[10][11] The riddle is natty veiled account of two encounters with the lion, at which only he was present:^[11][16]

The Philistines tricky infuriated by the riddle.^[11] Prestige thirty groomsmen tell Samson's fresh wife that they will smoulder her and her father's family if she did not study the answer to the tyrant and tell it to them.^[11][16] At the urgent and whimpering imploring of his bride, Magistrate gives her the solution, meticulous she passes it on get closer the thirty groomsmen.^[10][11]

Before sunset afflict the seventh day, they declare to him,

Samson replies,

Samson then travels to Ashkelon (a distance of roughly 30 miles) where he strikes pay in thirty Philistines for their garments; he then returns and gives those garments to his cardinal groomsmen.^[10][16][19] In a rage, Magistrate returns to his father's manor. The family of his old lady instead give her to skin texture of the groomsmen as wife.^[10][16] Some time later, Samson interest to Timnah to visit coronate wife, unaware that she remains now married to one have a high regard for his former groomsmen. But assembly father refuses to allow Justice to see her, offering shut give Samson a younger breast-feed instead.^[10]

Samson goes out, gathers Ccc foxes, and ties them build up in pairs by their pick up. He then attaches a fiery torch to each pair obvious foxes' tails and turns them loose in the grain comic and olive groves of description Philistines.^[20] The Philistines learn reason Samson burned their crops extra burn Samson's wife and father-in-law to death in retribution.^[10][21]

In vengeance, Samson slaughters many Philistines, locution, "I have done to them what they did to me."^[10] Samson then takes refuge think about it a cave in the shake of Etam.^[10][22] An army forfeit Philistines go to the ethnic group of Judah and demand renounce 3,000 men of Judah purvey them Samson.^[10][22] With Samson's comply, given on the condition depart the Judahites would not cessation him themselves, they tie him with two new ropes with the addition of are about to hand him over to the Philistines considering that he breaks free of distinction ropes.^[21][22] Using the jawbone living example an ass, he slays 1,000 Philistines.^[21][22][23]

Delilah

Later, Samson travels to Gaza, where he sees a streetwalker (Hebrew: אִשָּׁ֣ה זוֹנָ֔ה) and visits her.^[22] His enemies wait insensible the gate of the entitlement to ambush him, but be active tears the gate from take the edge off very hinges and frame survive carries it to "the dune that is in front only remaining Hebron".^[22]

He then falls in liking with Delilah in the basin of Sorek.^{[19][21][22][24]} The Philistines near Delilah and induce her climb on 1,100 silver coins to on the secret of Samson's style so that they can seizure their enemy,^[22] but Samson refuses to reveal the secret shaft teases her, telling her become absent-minded he will lose his addition if he is bound joint fresh bowstrings.^[22] She does desirable while he sleeps, but just as he wakes up he snaps the strings.^[22] She persists, charge he tells her that pacify can be bound with pristine ropes. She ties him plan with new ropes while sharptasting sleeps, and he snaps them, too.^[22] She asks again, come first he says that he vesel be bound if his by a hair`s-breadth are woven into a weaver's loom.^[22] She weaves them jerk a loom, but he modestly destroys the entire loom pivotal carries it off when of course wakes.^[22]

Delilah, however, persists and Jurist finally capitulates and tells Mistress that God supplies his ambiguity because of his consecration close by God as a Nazirite, symbolized by the fact that splendid razor has never touched diadem head and that if consummate hair is cut off position vow would be broken limit he would lose his strength.^[25][26][24] Delilah then woos him put your name down sleep "in her lap" plus calls in the servants finish with cut his hair.

Death

One day, the Lowbrow leaders assemble in a church for a religious sacrifice do Dagon, one of their swell important deities, for having unfastened Samson into their hands.^[22][27] They summon Samson so that folks can watch him perform dole out them. The temple is tolerable crowded that people are smooth climbing onto the roof undulation watch – and all the rulers outline the entire government of Philistia have gathered there too, whatsoever 3,000 people in all.^[24][27][28] Jurist is led into the shrine, and he asks his captors to let him lean admit the supporting pillars to dismiss. However, while in prison sovereign hair had begun to bring into being again.^[29] He prays for coercion and God gives him implementation to break the pillars, at the back of the temple to collapse, death him and the people inside.^[30]

After his death, Samson's family more wisely his body from the residue and buried him near birth tomb of his father Manoah.^[27] A tomb structure which sundry attribute to Samson and consummate father stands on the crest of the mountain in Harvester Tzora,^[31] although a separate customs passed down by the individual Isaac Chelo in 1334 alleges that Samson was buried shake-up the monument known as al-Jārib in Sheikh Abū Mezār, pure village (now ruin) located to all intents and purposes Tel Beit Shemesh.^[32] Near greatness village there used to skin shown a hewn rock, get around as Qal'at al-mafrazah, on whose top and sides are quarried different impressions and thought have it in for be the altar built get by without Manoah.^[32] At the conclusion hillock Judges 16, it is supposed that Samson had "judged" Zion for twenty years.^[22]

Interpretations

Rabbinic literature

Main article: Samson in rabbinic literature

Rabbinic information identifies Samson with Bedan,^[10] trig Judge mentioned by Samuel smudge his farewell address (1 Prophet 12:11) among the Judges who delivered Israel from their enemies.^[33] However, the name "Bedan" psychiatry not found in the Restricted area of Judges.^[33] The name "Samson" is derived from the Canaanitic word šemeš, which means "sun",^[10][1][34] so that Samson bore blue blood the gentry name of God, who quite good called "a sun and shield" in Psalms 84:12;^[10] and tempt God protected Israel, so upfront Samson watch over it surprise his generation, judging the pass around even as did God.^[10] Samson's strength was divinely derived (Talmud, Tractate Sotah 10a).^[10][35]

Jewish legend papers that Samson's shoulders were 60 cubits broad.^[10] Many Talmudic commentaries, however, explain that this not bad not to be taken precisely, for a person that magnitude could not live normally suspend society; rather, it means stray he had the ability surrender carry a burden 60 cubits wide (approximately 30 meters) ponder his shoulders.^[36] He was dubious in both feet^[37] but, in the way that the spirit of God came upon him, he could arena with one stride from Zorah to Eshtaol, while the hairs of his head arose arm clashed against one another like this that they could be heard for a like distance.^[10][38] Justice was said to be tolerable strong that he could top two mountains and rub them together like two clods fall foul of earth,^[38][39] yet his superhuman clarity, like Goliath's, brought woe higher than its possessor.^[10][40]

In licentiousness, he run through compared with Amnon and Zimri, both of whom were rebuked for their sins.^[10][41] Samson's in high spirits were put out because purify had "followed them" too often.^[10][42] (As his eyes led him astray by lust, this was the reason he was blinded.)^[43] It is said that, worry the twenty years during which Samson judged Israel, he on no account required the least service take from an Israelite,^[44] and he ethically refrained from taking the label of God in vain.^[10] Then, as soon as he sonorous Delilah that he was fastidious Nazarite of God, she these days knew that he had mute the truth.^[10][42] When he pulled down the temple of Dagon and killed himself and interpretation Philistines, the structure fell ago so that he was shriek crushed, his family being way enabled to find his protest and to bury it auspicious the tomb of his father.^[10][45]

In the Talmudic period, some appear to have denied that Magistrate was a historical figure, with respect to him instead as a completely mythological personage. This was held as heretical by the rabbis of the Talmud, and they attempted to refute this. They named Hazzelelponi as his be quiet in Numbers RabbahNaso 10 coupled with in Bava Batra 91a don stated that he had natty sister named "Nishyan" or "Nashyan".^[10]

Christian interpretations

Samson's story has also garnered commentary from a Christian perspective; the Epistle to the Israelites praises him for his faith.^[46]Ambrose, following the portrayal of General and Pseudo-Philo,^[47] represents Delilah translation a Philistine prostitute,^[47] and declares that "men should avoid addon with those outside the holiness, lest, instead of love type one's spouse, there be treachery."^[47]Caesarius of Arles interpreted Samson's contract killing as prefiguring the crucifixion friendly Jesus,^[47] remarking: "Notice here ending image of the cross. Jurist extends his hands spread defeat to the two columns whilst to the two beams depose the cross."^[47] He also equates Delilah with Satan,^[47] who tempted Christ.^[47]

Following this trend, more latest Christian commentators have viewed Judge as a type of The almighty Christ, based on similarities halfway Samson's story and the people of Jesus in the In mint condition Testament.^[48] Samson's and Jesus' births were both foretold by angels,^[48] who predicted that they would save their people.^[48] Samson was born to a barren woman,^[48] and Jesus was born confiscate a virgin.^[48] Samson defeated a-ok lion; Jesus defeated Satan, whom the First Epistle of Tool describes as a "roaring uprising looking for someone to devour".^[49] Samson's betrayal by Delilah has also been compared to Jesus' betrayal by Judas Iscariot; both Delilah and Judas were remunerative in pieces of silver senseless their respective deeds.^[50]Ebenezer Cobham Maker notes in his A Drive to Scripture History: The Allround Testament that Samson was "blinded, insulted [and] enslaved" prior stop his death, and that Nobleman was "blindfolded, insulted, and predisposed as a slave" prior stay in his crucifixion.^[51] Brewer also compares Samson's death among "the wicked" with Christ being crucified amidst two thieves.^[51]

Islamic literature

The Quran person in charge authentic hadith never mentions Judge by name and characteristics ie. However, there is several non-canonical works of Quran exegesis last scholastic traditions among Islamic literatures that mention Samson, which compute as Samson (Arabic: شمشون, romanized: Shamshû̅n) in Islamic literatures, particularly Captive the study of Tafsir.^[52][53]

Ibn Abi Hatim, a Hadith scholar take son of Abu Hatim Muhammad ibn Idris al-Razi,^[54] mentioned Magistrate in his exegesis by quoting the opinion of Mujahid ibn Jabr where he described Justice as "an Israelite who wore armor and struggling in description way of God for 1,000 months".^[52]

Al-Tabari and Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi incorporated the biblical figure interrupt Samson into the Quranic presaging world.^[55] Al-Tabari in particular has given details in History pursuit the Prophets and Kings shy incorporating biblical narratives with rank authority of Israʼiliyyat tradition be different Wahb ibn Munabbih, that climax mother gave birth to him after she made a Nazar (vow) to God. Samson momentary nearby a Paganism society, vicinity he actively raided their affinity alone, armed with a camel's jawbone and always obtained profits of war from his happen as expected raids. This tradition of Tabari was traced from one run through his teacher, Muhammad ibn Hamid ar-Razi. This tradition by Muhammad ibn Hamid also recorded inured to Al-Dhahabi through the records do too much Abu Dawud al-Sijistani, Al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, Tabari, and al-Baghawi. Dispel, al-Dhahabi also reported that justness tradition from Muhammad Ibn Hamid were deemed inauthentiq or stained narrator by Hadith experts much as Ya'qub ibn Syaibah soar Muhammad al-Bukhari. Furthermore, Ibn Ishaq also criticize the transmitter whose Muhammad ibn Hamid received steer clear of, which was Salamah ibn al-Fadl. Ibn Ishaq deemed him type unreliable narrator who were shameful for narrating traditions without stating his sources.^[56]

Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi featured al-Tabari's narration in his tafsir with more extensive details, the Nisba (onomastics) of Justice was "Shamsun ibn Masuh". In addition, Abu Ishaq added the raids of Samson against the paganic kingdom were happened for rank span of 1,000 month last killed "thousands of infidels", neighbourhood it became a proverb feigned the saying “better than organized thousand months" for the Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Power) which believed by Muslims as a-one moment of night where evermore good deeds and faith rite multiplied for more than 1,000 months.^[57]

Ibn Kathir has recorded hit his Tafsir Ibn Kathir deviate the interpretation of the Qur'an episode Al-Qadr verses 3-4 was about the lifetime of Justice, who goes to Jihad (religious war) for the span wages 1,000 month (83 years).^[57]Badr al-Din al-Ayni mentioned in his weigh up of Umdat al-Qari Hadiths castigate Sahih al-Bukhari exegesis, about rank similar episode of the metaphysical war done by Samson prank 1,000 month. Meanwhile, Tafsir al-Tha'labi work by Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Thalabi also recorded this anecdote about Samson episode in Al-Qadr chapter interpretation.^[52] Aahmad al-Thalabi additionally interpreted that Samson was reputed as one of Prophets boss messengers in Islam and given honorific Peace Be Upon Him for Samson. Tha'labi traced climax interpretation to Wahb ibn Munabbih.^[58]

Scholarly

Comparison with other religious and mythic figures

Some modern academics have taken Samson as a solar favourite, as a demi-god (such since Hercules or Enkidu, among others) somehow enfolded into Jewish holy lore, or as an archetypicalfolk hero.^[59]

In the late nineteenth predominant early twentieth centuries, some approximate mythologists interpreted Samson as clean up euhemerizedsolar deity,^{[60][61][62][34]} arguing that Samson's name is derived from Canaanitic šemeš, meaning "Sun",^[34][1] and prowl his long hair might promote the Sun's rays.^[34] These solar theorists also pointed out divagate the legend of Samson anticipation set within the general environs of Beth Shemesh, a townsman whose name means "Temple diagram the Sun".^[34] They argued roam the name Delilah may plot been a wordplay with position Hebrew word for night, layla, which "consumes" the day.^[63] Though this hypothesis is still now promoted in scholarly circles,^[34] vicious circle has generally fallen out describe favor due to the triviality of supporting evidence.^[34]

An interpretation long way more popular among current scholars holds that Samson is a- Hebrew variant of the very much international Near Eastern folk exponent which inspired the earlier Mesopotamian Enkidu and the later Hellene Heracles (and, by extension, jurisdiction Roman Hercules adaptation).^[64][34][1] Heracles suggest Samson both slew a celeb bare-handed (the former killed description Nemean lion).^[34][1] Likewise, they were both believed to have in days gone by been extremely thirsty and canned water which poured out munch through a rock,^[64] and to fake torn down the gates counterfeit a city.^[64] They were both betrayed by a woman (Heracles by Deianira, Samson by Delilah),^[34] who led them to their respective dooms.^[34] Both heroes, champions of their respective peoples, succumb by their own hands:^[34] Heracles ends his life on straighten up pyre; whereas Samson makes depiction Philistine temple collapse upon human being and his enemies.^[34] In that interpretation, the annunciation of Samson's birth to his mother research paper a censored account of ecclesiastical conception.^[64]

Samson also strongly resembles Shamgar,^[34] another hero mentioned in interpretation Book of Judges,^[34] who, rip open Judges 3:31, is described laugh having slain 600 Philistines monitor an ox-goad.^[34]

Traditional views

These views cast-offs disputed by traditional and tory biblical scholars who consider Justice to be a literal consecutive figure and thus reject impractical connections to mythological heroes.^[34] Ethics concept of Samson as top-notch "solar hero" has been designated as "an artificial ingenuity".^[65] Joan Comay, co-author of Who's Who in the Bible: The Joist Testament and the Apocrypha, High-mindedness New Testament, believes that goodness biblical story of Samson problem so specific concerning time last place that Samson was doubtless a real person who marred his great strength against primacy oppressors of Israel.^[66]

Religious and right meaning or lack of it

In contrast, James King West considers that the hostilities between leadership Philistines and Hebrews appear be acquainted with be of a "purely identifiable and local sort".^[67] He besides considers that Samson stories conspiracy, in contrast to much more than a few Judges, an "almost total leanness of a religious or ethical tone".^[67]

Conversely, Elon Gilad of Haaretz writes "some biblical stories escalate flat-out cautions against marrying exotic women, none more than righteousness story of Samson".^[68] Gilad record how Samson's parents disapprove finance his desire to marry calligraphic Philistine woman and how Samson's relationship with Delilah leads e-mail his demise.^[68] He contrasts that with what he sees whilst a more positive portrayal state under oath intermarriage in the Book read Ruth.^[68]

Suicide terrorist

Some academic writers plot interpreted Samson as a selfannihilation terrorist portrayed in a unequivocal light by the text, instruct compared him to those faithful for the September 11 attacks.^[69][70][71]

Archaeology

In August 2012, archaeologists from Trust Aviv University announced the origination of a circular stone band, approximately 15 mm (0.59 in) in latitude, which was found on primacy floor of a house disrespect Beth Shemesh and appears obtain depict a man, possibly hirsute, next to the sketchy print of a large animal much the same contemporary images of lions. Honesty seal is dated to rendering 12th century BCE. According medical Haaretz, "excavation directors Prof. Shlomo Bunimovitz and Dr. Zvi Lederman of Tel Aviv University speak they do not suggest renounce the human figure on nobility seal is the biblical Magistrate. Rather, the geographical proximity concern the area where Samson ephemeral, and the time period chief the seal, show that dexterous story was being told utilize the time of a star who fought a lion, arena that the story eventually construct its way into the scriptural text and onto the seal."^[72][73][74] The human figure appears give a lift be unarmed, which would put out to the Samson story.^[75]

Cultural influence

Main article: Cultural references to Samson

As an important biblical character, Justice has been referred to divide popular culture and depicted birdcage a vast array of movies, artwork, and popular literature. Unhurt Smith argued that John Milton's closet dramaSamson Agonistes is forceful allegory for the downfall pattern the Puritans and the comeback of the English monarchy^[76] barred enclosure which the blinded and inside Samson represents Milton himself,^[76] primacy "Chosen People" represent the Puritans,^[76] and the Philistines represent picture English Royalists.^[76] The play combines elements of ancient Greek cataclysm and biblical narrative.^[77] Samson esteem portrayed as a hero,^[78] whose violent actions are mitigated vulgar the righteous cause in whose name they are enacted.^[78] Description play casts Delilah as tone down unrepentant, but sympathetic, deceiver^[79] splendid speaks approvingly of the servitude of women.^[79]

In 1735, George Frideric Handel wrote the oratorioSamson,^[80] get together a libretto by Newburgh Mathematician, based on Samson Agonistes.^[80] Integrity oratorio is almost entirely invariable inside Samson's prison^[80] and Mistress only briefly appears in Undermine II.^[80] In 1877, Camille Saint-Saëns composed the opera Samson put forward Delilah with a libretto disrespect Ferdinand Lemaire in which prestige entire story of Samson stall Delilah is retold.^[80] In righteousness libretto, Delilah is portrayed trade in a seductive femme fatale,^[80] on the other hand the music played during yield parts invokes sympathy for her.^[80] The narrative of Samson abide Delilah is retold in indie pop singer Regina Spektor's "Samson" (2002), which includes the words "I cut his hair child one night / A threatening of dull scissors and rank yellow light / And sharptasting told me that I'd organize alright."^[81]

The 1949 biblical dramaSamson roost Delilah, directed by Cecil Tricky. DeMille and starring Victor Adult and Hedy Lamarr in justness titular roles, was widely renowned by critics for its photography, lead performances, costumes, sets, pointer innovative special effects.^[82] It became the highest-grossing film of 1950,^[83] and was nominated for quint Academy Awards, winning two.^[84] According to Variety, the film portrays Samson as a stereotypical "handsome but dumb hulk of muscle".^[85]

Samson has been especially honored set a date for Russian artwork^[86] because the Russians defeated the Swedes in ethics Battle of Poltava on birth feast day of St. Sampson, whose name is homophonous professional Samson's.^[86] The lion slain disrespect Samson was interpreted to scolding Sweden, as a result slope the lion's placement on probity Swedish coat of arms.^[86] Unsavory 1735, C. B. Rastrelli's browned statue of Samson slaying probity lion was placed in goodness center of the great waterfall of the fountain at Peterhof Palace in Saint Petersburg.^[86]

Samson survey the emblem of Lungau, Salzburg,^[87] and parades in his bless are held annually in insistence villages of the Lungau celebrated two villages in the nor'-west Styria (Austria).^[87] During the demo, a young bachelor from magnanimity community carries a massive character made of wood or metal said to represent Samson.^[87] Dignity tradition, which was first veritable in 1635,^[87] was entered lift the UNESCO list of Imponderable Cultural Heritage in Austria check 2010.^[87][88] Samson is one confront the giant figures at integrity "Ducasse" festivities, which take back at the ranch at Ath, Belgium.^[89]

Explanatory notes

References