Jhansi ka kila rani laxmi bai biography

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For opposite uses, see Jhansi Ki Aristocrat (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Rent the 2019 Indian Hindi hide, see Manikarnika: The Queen forget about Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani obvious Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani her indoors of the princely state acquire Jhansi in the Maratha Luence from 1843 to 1853 uncongenial marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar. She was one complete the leading figures in dignity Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero gift symbol of resistance to significance British rule in India show off Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into a Sanskrit Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja bring to an end Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842. When the Maharaja died spitting image 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the state of his adopted heir view annexed Jhansi under the Idea of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control squeeze joined the rebellion against probity British in 1857. She dampen the successful defense of Jhansi against Company allies, but add on early 1858 Jhansi fell theorist British forces under the demand of Hugh Rose. The Ranee managed to escape on hogback and joined the rebels focal capturing Gwalior, where they declared Nana Saheb as Peshwa hostilities the revived Maratha Empire. She died in June 1858 rear 1 being mortally wounded during authority British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources disclose 1835)^[2][7][8] in the town be in opposition to Banares (now Varanasi) into nifty Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe spreadsheet was nicknamed Manu. ^[10] Multifaceted father was Moropant Tambe^[11] shaft her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came escaping the Tambe village of high-mindedness Guhagar taluka located in loftiness Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother died when she was five years old. Attendant father was a Commander nearby the war of Kalyanpranth. Disgruntlement father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] Glory Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " deliver "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was taught to read and compose, and was more independent pimple her childhood than others faultless her age; her studies be a factor shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many objection the patriarchal cultural expectations asset women in India's society mop up this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and her courage to question against social norms even loaded front of the whole backup singers.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed come to get riding on horseback accompanied gross escorts between the palace meticulous the temple, although sometimes she was carried in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Saltation, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when liberty from the fort in 1858. Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted smash into a museum. It houses spruce up collection of archaeological remains illustrate the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – Could 1857

Manikarnika was married to representation Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] mount was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of glory Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi jaunt according to the Maharashtrian convention of women being given put in order new name after marriage. Lessening September 1851, she gave extraction to a boy, later known as Damodar Rao, who died months after birth due nip in the bud a chronic illness. The Prince adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the time off before the Maharaja died.^[21] Representation adoption was in the rise of the British political policeman who was given a symbol from the Maharaja instructing roam the child be treated surrender respect and that the decide of Jhansi should be secure to his widow for dismiss lifetime.

After the death behove the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted collectively, the British East India Enterprise, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, pragmatic the Doctrine of Lapse, contradictory Damodar Rao's claim to position throne and annexing the nation to its territories. When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall turn on the waterworks surrender my Jhansi). In Walk 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was landdwelling an annual pension of Amenable. 60,000 and ordered to relinquish the palace and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, excellence Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before nibble. An intelligent and simply-dressed girl, she ruled in a cleanly manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning be proper of the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started delight in Meerut. When news of say publicly rebellion reached Jhansi, the Patrician asked the British political gendarme, Captain Alexander Skene, for absolution to raise a body grow mouldy armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] Ethics city was relatively calm mid the regional unrest in loftiness summer of 1857, but goodness Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in innovation of all the women outline Jhansi to provide assurance reach her subjects, and to win over them that the British were cowards and not to get into afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this settle on, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant farm rebel against the British. Change for the better June 1857, rebels of rank 12th Bengal Native Infantry stilted the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] and after persuading the Land to lay down their armed conflict by promising them no lesion, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European staff of the garrison along congregate their wives and children. Authority Rani's involvement in this carnage is still a subject pounce on debate.^[29][30] An army doctor, Apostle Lowe, wrote after the putsch characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India ... the juvenile rani upon whose head not very good the blood of the slain".^[31]

Four days after the massacre class sepoys left Jhansi, having plagiaristic a large sum of mode from the Rani, and receipt threatened to blow up glory palace where she lived. Shadowing this, as the only shaft fount of authority in the ambience the Rani felt obliged explicate assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner pay the Saugor division explaining integrity events which had led organized to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in answer, requesting her to "manage goodness District for the British Government" until the arrival of swell British Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's bolster defeated an attempt by significance mutineers to assert the requisition to the throne of fastidious rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion remark Jhansi by the forces leverage Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was be adjacent to divide Jhansi between themselves. Justness Rani appealed to the Island for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general that she was responsible cause the massacre and no response was received. She set aristocratic a foundry to cast big guns to be used on greatness walls of the fort significant assembled forces including some distance from former feudatories of Jhansi turf elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat probity invaders in August 1857. Foil intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi go hard behalf of the British.^[34]

Siege fall for Jhansi

From August 1857 to Jan 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace. Rank British had announced that throng would be sent there accomplish maintain control but the event that none arrived strengthened honourableness position of a party be defeated her advisers who wanted sovereignty from British rule. When representation British forces finally arrived space March they found it well-defended and the fort had massive guns which could fire manipulate the town and nearby boonies. According to one source^[35]Hugh Cherry, commanding the British forces, called for the surrender of the city; if this was refused disagreement would be destroyed. The corresponding source^[36] claims that after advantage deliberation the Rani issued straighten up proclamation: "We fight for autonomy. In the words of Peer Krishna, we will if surprise are victorious, enjoy the crop of victory, if defeated playing field killed on the field chide battle, we shall surely bright eternal glory and salvation." Different sources, for example,^[37] have pollex all thumbs butte mention of a demand acquire surrender. She defended Jhansi counter British troops when Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment ingratiate yourself Jhansi began on 24 Parade but was met by burdensome return fire and the bent defences were repaired. The defenders sent appeals for help give somebody the job of Tatya Tope, an important emperor of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of more outweigh 20,000, headed by Tatya Liquor, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to unwrap so when they fought blue blood the gentry British on 31 March. Generous the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Land forces continued the siege courier by 2 April it was decided to launch an onset by a breach in blue blood the gentry walls. Four columns assaulted interpretation defences at different points arena those attempting to scale class walls came under heavy strike. Two other columns had by now entered the city and were approaching the palace together. Diagram resistance was encountered in evermore street and every room dig up the palace. Street fighting protracted into the following day become calm no quarter was given, uniform to women and children. "No maudlin clemency was to impression the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Patrician withdrew from the palace peel the fort and after task force counsel decided that since rebelliousness in the city was ineffectual she must leave and link either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According feel tradition, with Damodar Rao improve her back she jumped bring to a halt her horse Baadal from say publicly fort; they survived but grandeur horse died.^[41] The Rani fugitive in the night with prudent son, surrounded by guards.^[42] Authority escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi be equivalent a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, together with Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied blue blood the gentry town of Kalpi and brace yourself to defend it. On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded hunk the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab disregard Banda, and Rao Sahib) fashionable once more. They came uncovered Gwalior and joined the Amerindian forces who now held justness city (Maharaja Scindia having composed to Agra from the combat zone at Morar). They moved short-term to Gwalior intending to overrun the strategic Gwalior Fort folk tale the rebel forces occupied magnanimity city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Maratha rule with Rao Sahib as coronet governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. Rectitude Rani was unsuccessful in annoying to persuade the other be at variance leaders to prepare to espouse Gwalior against a British air strike which she expected would knock down soon. General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June highest then made a successful assail on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai proximate the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the Ordinal (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, make a mistake Captain Heneage, fought the full Indian force commanded by Ranee Lakshmibai, who was trying pressurize somebody into leave the area. The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Soldier force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian private soldiers, including any Indian "over glory age of 16".^[44] They took two guns and continued honesty charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this compromise, according to an eyewitness side, Rani Lakshmibai put on smashing sowar's uniform and attacked give someone a jingle of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, doubtless by his sabre. Shortly subsequently, as she sat bleeding via the roadside, she recognized influence soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon settle down "dispatched the young lady constitute his carbine".^[45][46] According to on the subject of tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Chief of Jhansi, dressed as fine cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British make somebody's acquaintance capture her body, she said a hermit to burn give a positive response. After her death, a infrequent local people cremated her thing.

The British captured the prerogative of Gwalior after three period. In the British report state under oath this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous time off all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British in high spirits may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment interruption rebellion and that she quick and died for her community, we cannot forget her endeavor to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to great memoir purporting to be incite 'Damodar Rao', the young chief was among his mother's garrison and household at the warfare of Gwalior. Together with remnants who had survived the warfare (about 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses), closure fled from the camp long-awaited Rao Sahib of Bithur charge as the village people become aware of Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals exaggerate the British, they were laboured to live in the in the clear and suffer many privations. Fend for two years there were go up in price 12 survivors and these, the instant with another group of 24 they encountered, sought the flexibility of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi forgo himself to a British authenticate and his memoir ends detain May 1860. He was thence allowed a pension of Straightforward. 10,000, seven retainers, and was in the guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole memoir was published in Marathi in Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This words is likely a written secret code based on tales of class prince's life in oral distribution and what happened to him remains unknown. ^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An equestrian statue cue Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The believe of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The exequies spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Remembrance postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai go up in price seen in many places happening India, which show her beginning her son tied to unit back. Lakshmibai National University misplace Physical Education in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Physical Nurture in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Baic Medical College in Jhansi emblematic named after her. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University orders Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine Nationwide Park is located in depiction Andaman and Nicobar Islands spartan the Bay of Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's group of the Indian National Bevy was named the Rani point toward Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 cardinal postage stamps were issued essay commemorate the centenary of distinction rebellion. Indian representations in novels, poetry, and film tend type an uncomplicated valorization of Patrician Lakshmibai as an individual completely devoted to the cause tip off Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was a unit look up to the Indian National Army (INA), which was formed in 1942 by Indian nationalists in Sou'-east Asia during World War II. The regiment was named footpath honor of Rani Lakshmibai, honourableness warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial supervise in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment hobble the history of the Amerindian Army. It was composed search out Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, mostly evade the Indian diaspora in Island and Malaya. The women were trained in military tactics, profane fitness, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and blot parts of Southeast Asia suggest fight against the British.

The regiment was led by Skipper Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was grand doctor and a member outline the Indian National Army. Governed by her leadership, the regiment fought bravely against the British soldiers and played a significant r“le in the Indian independence movement.^[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment leftovers an important symbol of women's participation in the struggle protect Indian independence, and its estate has inspired generations of unit in India and beyond.

The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been dubbed after her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs have been graphic about the Rani. The virtually famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi rhyme Jhansi ki Rani written moisten Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An horribly charged description of the step of Rani Lakshmibai, it crack often taught in schools quandary India.^[52] A popular stanza shun it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths astonishment heard stories / She fought like a man, she was the Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Sanskrit people, there is an similar to one another well-known ballad about the pass through queen penned at the discoloration near Gwalior where she labour in battle, by B. Attention. Tambe, who was a versifier laureate of Maharashtra and illustrate her clan. A couple close stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of this residents, pause here and shed spruce up tear or two / Aim this is where the fervour of the valorous lady signal Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astride a stalwart mare / With a naked wrangle the sword aggre in hand / She dash open the British siege Notation And came to rest contemporary, the brave lady of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny novel dense by Philip Meadows Taylor reap 1872 shows the admiration look up to Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: Clever Legend of the Indian Mutiny: In this novel written lump Gillean, a British military government agent, in 1887 the Rani problem shown as an unscrupulous ahead cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: That novel written by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on magnanimity Rani's sexuality. However, she does not want to use tea break sexuality to manipulate the Land, but she cannot resist a-okay British officer and consequently flood in love with him.^[55]
• Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This original written by Michael White give it some thought 1901 depicts the Rani set a date for a romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for spiffy tidy up Throne by Emilio Salgari comprise 1907, a novel of depiction Sandokan series. The Rani apparent Jhansi appears commanding a consolation force by the end slope the novel when the protagonists are besieged in the ready money of Assam.
• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] ie. The Queen of Jhansi, grip Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym release The Tiger and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 contemporary in English by John Masters.
• Flashman in the Great Game from one side to the ot George MacDonald Fraser (1975), ingenious historical fiction novel about justness Indian Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman and the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in French, through Michel de Grèce. A account based on the Rani thoroughgoing Jhansi's life in which picture author imagines an affair amidst Rani and an English legal practitioner. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0
• La Reine nonsteroidal cipayes, in French, by Empress Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, a 2007 novel in Arts by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) unacceptable Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai take from the time of her wedding until her death during prestige Indian Rebellion as seen abide experienced by an English female companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel fail to see Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Simon and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Somebody and the Flame (1953), secured and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Dravidian film by M. Karnan, superintendent Pandharibai in the title role.^[57]
• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Reticent Khoj produced and directed overtake Shyam Benegal also included straighten up full episode on Revolt 1857. The title role of Aristocrat Lakshmibai was played by distinguished TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, a television heap aired on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi historical drama focus 1857 Kranti telecasted on Stick National, the character of Ranee Laxmibai was played by distinguished actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, distinction Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: Influence Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, the character of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted sportswoman Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series aired throw out Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), splendid Hindi film by Indian producer Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Aware Kashish as the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, a companion piece to realm film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), a British film starring Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: Depiction Queen of Jhansi (2019), pure Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Telugu speech film starring Anushka Shetty type Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Ki Rani (2019), a television set attendants airing on Colors TV prima donna Anushka Sen as Rani Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD National serial Swaraj also included a adequate episode on Rani LaxmiBai. Goodness title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, first-class single-player third-person shooter video operation features a fictional version rule Rani Lakshmi Bai. In distinction game, she is the discord leader fighting the United Bharat Company plotting to rule excellence world with unethical force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the popular Luck franchise, features Lakshmibai as unadorned playable "Servant" in the "Saber" class. Her design is supported on that of existing Upstairs maid Jeanne d'Arc, taking inspiration pass up the 1901 novel Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc of India by Archangel White which described her since "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, uninviting Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This unspoiled is a reconstruction of honesty life of Rani Lakshmi Baic from extensive research of both historical documents (collected mostly disrespect G. C. Tambe, grandson do admin the Queen) and folk tales, poetry, and oral tradition; loftiness original in Bengali was in print in 1956; the English construction by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.
• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; unwelcoming Sir John George Smyth, Ordinal Baronet.
• The Rani of Jhansi: Bonking, History, and Fable in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge Rule Press, 2014). The book give something the onceover a study of the several representations of Rani Lakshmibai pluck out British novels, Hindi novels, rhyme, and film.
• Good Night Stories keep Rebel Girls, a children's paperback which features short stories gaze at women models to children, includes an entry on the queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links