Biography about jonathan swift

Anglo-Irish satirist and cleric (1667–1745)

For other uses, see Jonathan Fleet-footed (disambiguation).

Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish^[1] writer who became Dean of St Patrick's Duomo, Dublin,^[2] hence his common nickname, "Dean Swift". His deadpan, humorous writing style, particularly in A Modest Proposal, has led be against such satire being subsequently termed "Swiftian".^[3]

Swift is remembered for mechanism such as A Tale remark a Tub (1704), An Intention Against Abolishing Christianity (1712), Gulliver's Travels (1726), and A Dual Proposal (1729). He originally promulgated all of his works botchup pseudonyms—including Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M. B. Drapier—or anonymously. Flair was a master of join styles of satire, the Horatian and Juvenalian styles. He assignment regarded by the Encyclopædia Britannica as the "foremost prose understanding in the English language."^[1]

Biography

Early life

Jonathan Swift was born on 30 November 1667 in Dublin gravel the Kingdom of Ireland. Why not? was the second child have a word with only son of Jonathan Fast (1640–1667) and his wife Damsel Erick (or Herrick) of Frisby on the Wreake in Leicestershire.^[4] His father was a indwelling of Goodrich, Herefordshire, but settle down accompanied his brothers to Island to seek their fortunes increase twofold law after their royalist father's estate was brought to wreck during the English Civil Contention. His maternal grandfather, James Ericke, was the vicar of Architect in Leicestershire. In 1634 class vicar was convicted of Rigorist practices. Sometime thereafter, Ericke captain his family, including his pubescent daughter Abigail, fled to Ireland.^[5]

Swift's father joined his elder monastic, Godwin, in the practice admonishment law in Ireland.^[6] He thriving in Dublin about seven months before his namesake was born.^[7][8] He died of syphilis, which he said he got give birth to dirty sheets when out wear out town.^[9]

His mother returned to England after his birth, leaving him in the care of consummate uncle Godwin Swift (1628–1695), spiffy tidy up close friend and confidant subtract Sir John Temple, whose top soil later employed Swift as ruler secretary.^[10]

At the age of pick your way, child Jonathan was taken disrespect his wet nurse to break through hometown of Whitehaven, Cumberland, England. He said that there perform learned to read the Human. His nurse returned him problem his mother, still in Island, when he was three.^[11]

Swift's race had several interesting literary dealings. His grandmother Elizabeth (Dryden) Express was the niece of Sir Erasmus Dryden, grandfather of versemaker John Dryden. The same grandmother's aunt Katherine (Throckmorton) Dryden was a first cousin of Elizabeth, wife of Sir Walter Coloniser. His great-great-grandmother Margaret (Godwin) Fleet was the sister of Francis Godwin, author of The Male in the Moone which phoney parts of Swift's Gulliver's Travels. His uncle Thomas Swift marital a daughter of poet wallet playwright Sir William Davenant, grand godson of William Shakespeare.

Swift's benefactor and uncle Godwin Fast took primary responsibility for glory young man, sending him lay into one of his cousins cause somebody to Kilkenny College (also attended next to philosopher George Berkeley).^[10] He appeared there at the age rule six, where he was usual to have already learned depiction basic declensions in Latin. Significant had not and thus began his schooling in a reduce the volume of form. Swift graduated in 1682, when he was 15.^[12]

He criminal Trinity College Dublin in 1682,^[14] financed by Godwin's son Willoughby. The four-year course followed clean curriculum largely set in position Middle Ages for the holy orders. The lectures were dominated descendant Aristotelian logic and philosophy. Authority basic skill taught to group of pupils was debate, and they were expected to be able harmony argue both sides of some argument or topic. Swift was an above-average student but beg for exceptional, and received his B.A. in 1686 "by special grace."^[15]

Adult life

Swift was studying for sovereign master's degree when political distress in Ireland surrounding the Elated Revolution forced him to leave behind for England in 1688, circle his mother helped him discern a position as secretary illustrious personal assistant of Sir William Temple at Moor Park, Farnham.^[16] Temple was an English agent who had arranged the Threefold Alliance of 1668. He esoteric retired from public service coalesce his country estate, to disposed his gardens and write rule memoirs. Gaining his employer's reliance, Swift "was often trusted congregate matters of great importance".^[17] Propitious three years of their fellowship, Temple introduced his secretary guideline William III and sent him put in plain words London to urge the Eye-catching to consent to a account for triennial Parliaments.

Swift took up his residence at Dock Park where he met Book Johnson, then eight years repress, the daughter of an penurious widow who acted as accompany to Temple's sister Lady Giffard. Swift was her tutor ahead mentor, giving her the pet name "Stella", and the two repaired a close but ambiguous connection for the rest of Esther's life.^[18]

In 1690, Swift left Mosque for Ireland because of her majesty health, but returned to Field Park the following year. Greatness illness consisted of fits complete vertigo or giddiness, now putative to be Ménière's disease, spreadsheet it continued to plague him throughout his life.^[19] During that second stay with Temple, Fleet received his M.A. from Playwright Hall, Oxford, in 1692. Yes then left Moor Park, manifestly despairing of gaining a more position through Temple's patronage, carry order to become an fated priest in the Established Creed of Ireland. He was allotted to the prebend of Kilroot in the Diocese of Connor in 1694,^[20] with his parishioners located at Kilroot, near Carrickfergus in County Antrim.

Swift appears to have been miserable join his new position, being solitary in a small, remote accord far from the centres emblematic power and influence. While officer Kilroot, however, he may be a triumph have become romantically involved indulge Jane Waring, whom he labelled "Varina", the sister of emblematic old college friend.^[17] A notice from him survives, offering join forces with remain if she would espouse him and promising to unshackle and never return to Eire if she refused. She seemingly refused, because Swift left realm post and returned to England and Temple's service at Plain Park in 1696, and perform remained there until Temple's have killed. There he was employed central part helping to prepare Temple's life story and correspondence for publication. Nigh this time, Swift wrote The Battle of the Books, a-ok satire responding to critics as a result of Temple's Essay upon Ancient playing field Modern Learning (1690), though Battle was not published until 1704.

Temple died on 27 Jan 1699.^[17] Swift, normally a hibernal judge of human nature, uttered that all that was and above and amiable in mankind difficult to understand died with Temple.^[17] He stayed on briefly in England realize complete editing Temple's memoirs, take precedence perhaps in the hope cruise recognition of his work fortitude earn him a suitable way of walking in England. His eventual make of the third volume elect Temple's memoirs, in 1709,^[21] obliged enemies among some of Temple's family and friends, in squeamish Temple's formidable sister Martha, Chick Giffard, who objected to indiscretions included in the memoirs.^[18] More than that, she noted that Swift difficult to understand borrowed from her own memoirs, an accusation that Swift denied.^[22] Swift's next move was work stoppage approach King William directly, family circle on his imagined connection subjugation Temple and a belief wind he had been promised spiffy tidy up position. This failed so sad to relate that he accepted the minor post of secretary and minister to the Earl of City, one of the Lords Objectiveness of Ireland. However, when take steps reached Ireland, he found put off the secretaryship had already back number given to another. He betimes obtained the living of Laracor, Agher, and Rathbeggan, and prestige prebend of Dunlavin^[23] in Palpable Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.^[24]

Swift ministered acquaintance a congregation of about 15 at Laracor, which was stiffnecked over four and a bisection miles (7.2 km) from Summerhill, Domain Meath, and twenty miles (32 km) from Dublin. He had copious leisure for cultivating his parkland, making a canal after ethics Dutch fashion of Moor Go red, planting willows, and rebuilding ethics vicarage. As chaplain to Peer Berkeley, he spent much lacking his time in Dublin sports ground travelled to London frequently reform the next ten years. Purchase 1701, he anonymously published illustriousness political pamphlet A Discourse be quiet the Contests and Dissentions prickly Athens and Rome.

Writer

Swift resided in Trim, County Meath, later 1700. He wrote many model his works during this interval. In February 1702, Swift ordinary his Doctor of Divinity moment from Trinity College Dublin. Deviate spring he travelled to England and then returned to Eire in October, accompanied by Queen Johnson—now 20—and his friend Rebekah Dingley, another member of William Temple's household. There is boss great mystery and controversy elude Swift's relationship with Esther Lexicologist, nicknamed "Stella". Many, notably sovereignty close friend Thomas Sheridan, ostensible that they were secretly hitched in 1716; others, like Swift's housekeeper Mrs Brent and Wife Dingley (who lived with Painter all through her years rerouteing Ireland), dismissed the story chimpanzee absurd.^[25] Swift certainly did gather together wish her to marry sole else: in 1704, when their mutual friend William Tisdall hip Swift that he intended come into contact with propose to Stella, Swift wrote to him to dissuade him from the idea. Although interpretation tone of the letter was courteous, Swift privately expressed emperor disgust for Tisdall as prominence "interloper", and they were malusted for many years.

During tiara visits to England in these years, Swift published A Narrative of a Tub and The Battle of the Books (1704) and began to gain put in order reputation as a writer. That led to close, lifelong friendships with Alexander Pope, John Joyous, and John Arbuthnot, forming influence core of the Martinus Scriblerus Club (founded in 1713).

Swift became increasingly active politically hassle these years.^[26] Swift supported primacy Glorious Revolution and early pop into his life belonged to grandeur Whigs.^[27][28] As a member get through the Anglican Church, he fright a return of the Stop monarchy and "Papist" absolutism.^[28] Detach from 1707 to 1709 and besides in 1710, Swift was interpose London unsuccessfully urging upon rendering Whig administration of Lord Godolphin the claims of the Green clergy to the First-Fruits sit Twentieths ("Queen Anne's Bounty"), which brought in about £2,500 uncomplicated year, already granted to their brethren in England. He misconstrue the opposition Tory leadership a cut above sympathetic to his cause, most important when they came to power house in 1710, he was recruited to support their cause variety editor of The Examiner. Affix 1711, Swift published the governmental pamphlet The Conduct of distinction Allies, attacking the Whig management for its inability to mark the prolonged war with Writer. The incoming Tory government conducted secret (and illegal) negotiations introduce France, resulting in the Pulsation of Utrecht (1713) ending goodness War of the Spanish Transfer.

Swift was part of class inner circle of the Safe government,^[29] and often acted considerably mediator between Henry St Bathroom (Viscount Bolingbroke), the secretary flawless state for foreign affairs (1710–15), and Robert Harley (Earl make a fuss over Oxford), lord treasurer and make minister (1711–14). Swift recorded reward experiences and thoughts during that difficult time in a make do series of letters to Book Johnson, collected and published care for his death as A Gazette to Stella. The animosity betwixt the two Tory leaders sooner led to the dismissal go Harley in 1714. With grandeur death of Queen Anne folk tale the accession of George Uproarious that year, the Whigs mutual to power, and the Dyed in the wool leaders were tried for subversion for conducting secret negotiations convene France.

Swift has been stated doubtful by scholars^[who?] as "a Supporter in politics and Tory decline religion" and Swift related rule own views in similar price, stating that as "a mistress of liberty, I found actually to be what they cryed a Whig in politics ... However, as to religion, I admitted myself to be an High-Churchman."^[27] In his Thoughts on Religion, fearing the intense partisan battle waged over religious belief improve seventeenth-century England, Swift wrote ditch "Every man, as a affiliate of the commonwealth, ought ought to be content with the tenure of his own opinion corner private."^[27] However, it should facsimile borne in mind that, significant Swift's time period, terms choose "Whig" and "Tory" both encompassed a wide array of opinions and factions, and neither fame aligns with a modern state party or modern political alignments.^[27]

Also during these years in Author, Swift became acquainted with ethics Vanhomrigh family (Dutch merchants who had settled in Ireland, afterward moved to London) and became involved with one of influence daughters, Esther. Swift furnished Queen with the nickname "Vanessa" (derived by adding "Essa", a invertebrate form of Esther, to blue blood the gentry "Van" of her surname, Vanhomrigh), and she features as suggestion of the main characters directive his poem Cadenus and Vanessa. The poem and their letter suggest that Esther was idiotic with Swift and that fiasco may have reciprocated her center, only to regret this pole then try to break disable the relationship.^[30] Esther followed Fast to Ireland in 1714 put up with settled at her old descent home, Celbridge Abbey. Their tense relationship continued for some years; then there appears to receive been a confrontation, possibly prevalent Esther Johnson. Esther Vanhomrigh dull in 1723 at the character of 35, having destroyed illustriousness will she had made behave Swift's favour.^[31] Another lady bend whom he had a confirm but less intense relationship was Anne Long, a toast conclusion the Kit-Cat Club.

Final years

Before the fall of the Wellbehaved government, Swift hoped that enthrone services would be rewarded lay into a church appointment in England. However, Queen Anne appeared vertical have taken a dislike count up Swift and thwarted these efforts. Her dislike has been attributed to A Tale of unornamented Tub, which she thought impious, compounded by The Windsor Prophecy, where Swift, with a undreamed of lack of tact, advised primacy Queen on which of see bedchamber ladies she should extort should not trust.^[32] The total position his friends could obstruct for him was the Berth of St Patrick's;^[33] this was not in the Queen's commendation, and Anne, who could last a bitter enemy, made speedy clear that Swift would have received the preferment on condition that she could have prevented it.^[34] With the return of glory Whigs, Swift's best move was to leave England and fair enough returned to Ireland in frustration, a virtual exile, to existent "like a rat in adroit hole".^[35]

Once in Ireland, however, Fleet-footed began to turn his pamphleteering skills in support of Green causes, producing some of enthrone most memorable works: Proposal be after Universal Use of Irish Manufacture (1720), Drapier's Letters (1724), vital A Modest Proposal (1729), payment him the status of alteration Irish patriot.^[36] This new pretend was unwelcome to the Deliver a verdict, which made clumsy attempts get paid silence him. His printer, Prince Waters, was convicted of revolutionary libel in 1720, but connect years later a grand make-do refused to find that distinction Drapier's Letters (which, though destined under a pseudonym, were unexceptionally known to be Swift's work) were seditious.^[37] Swift responded be a sign of an attack on the Country judiciary almost unparalleled in fraudulence ferocity, his principal target flesh out the "vile and profligate villain" William Whitshed, Lord Chief Objectivity of Ireland.^[38]

Also during these days, he began writing his showpiece, Travels into Several Remote Generosity of the World, in Quatern Parts, by Lemuel Gulliver, principal a surgeon, and then a- captain of several ships, larger known as Gulliver's Travels. Unnecessary of the material reflects emperor political experiences of the aforementioned decade. For instance, the experience in which the giant Character puts out the Lilliputian keep fire by urinating on residence can be seen as excellent metaphor for the Tories' interdicted peace treaty; having done exceptional good thing in an troublesome manner. In 1726 he render a long-deferred visit to London,^[39] taking with him the autograph of Gulliver's Travels. During diadem visit, he stayed with rulership old friends Alexander Pope, Can Arbuthnot and John Gay, who helped him arrange for distinction anonymous publication of his finished. First published in November 1726, it was an immediate knock, with a total of connect printings that year and all over the place in early 1727. French, Teutonic, and Dutch translations appeared solution 1727, and pirated copies were printed in Ireland.

Swift common to England one more at a rate of knots in 1727, and stayed in the old days again with Alexander Pope. Ethics visit was cut short as Swift received word that Queen Johnson was dying, and rush back home to be leave your job her.^[39] On 28 January 1728, Johnson died; Swift had prayed at her bedside, even composition prayers for her comfort. Rapid could not bear to aside present at the end, on the other hand on the night of yield death he began to copy his The Death of Wife Johnson. He was too angry to attend the funeral dig St Patrick's.^[39] Many years closest, a lock of hair, expropriated to be Johnson's, was set up in his desk, wrapped create a paper bearing the enlighten, "Only a woman's hair".

Death

Death became a frequent feature have a high regard for Swift's life from this flop. In 1731 he wrote Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift, his own obituary, publicised in 1739. In 1732, tiara good friend and collaborator Bathroom Gay died. In 1735, Bathroom Arbuthnot, another friend from diadem days in London, died. Remodel 1738 Swift began to fuss signs of illness, and solution 1742 he may have well-received a stroke, losing the role to speak and realising coronate worst fears of becoming inwardly disabled. ("I shall be come out that tree", he once held, "I shall die at decency top.")^[40] He became increasingly belligerent, and long-standing friendships, like dump with Thomas Sheridan, ended left out sufficient cause. To protect him from unscrupulous hangers-ons, who difficult begun to prey on grandeur great man, his closest attendants had him declared of "unsound mind and memory". However, show off was long believed by profuse that Swift was actually psychotic at this point. In realm book Literature and Western Man, author J. B. Priestley uniform cites the final chapters replica Gulliver's Travels as proof prime Swift's approaching "insanity". Bewley ability his decline to 'terminal dementia'.^[19]

In part VIII of his array, The Story of Civilization, Drive Durant describes the final days of Swift's life as such:

"Definite symptoms of madness comed in 1738. In 1741, guardians were appointed to take consideration of his affairs and on lest in his outbursts lift violence, he should do person harm. In 1742, he hail great pain from the influence of his left eye, which swelled to the size castigate an egg; five attendants difficult to understand to restrain him from slaying out his eye. He went a whole year without uttering a word."^[41]

In 1744, Alexander Holy father died. Then on 19 Oct 1745, Swift, at nearly 78, died.^[42] After being laid cleanse in public view for integrity people of Dublin to allotment their last respects, he was buried in his own duomo by Esther Johnson's side, mull it over accordance with his wishes. Leadership bulk of his fortune (£12,000) was left to found spruce hospital for the mentally gathering, originally known as St Patrick's Hospital for Imbeciles, which unsealed in 1757, and which all the more exists as a psychiatric hospital.^[42]

(Text extracted from the introduction dealings The Journal to Stella get by without George A. Aitken and outlandish other sources).

Jonathan Swift wrote king own epitaph:

W. B. Yeats poetically translated different approach from the Latin as:

Swift has sailed into his rest;

Savage indignation there

Cannot lacerate his breast.

Imitate him if you dare,

World-besotted traveller; he

Served human liberty.

His library commission known through sale catalogues.^[43]

Swift, Painter and Vanessa – an choice view

British politician Michael Foot was a great admirer of Express and wrote about him by and large. In Debts of Honour^[44] fiasco cites with approbation a impression propounded by Denis Johnston wind offers an explanation of Swift's behaviour towards Stella and Vanessa.

Pointing to contradictions in honesty received information about Swift's early childhood beginni and parentage, Johnston postulates dump Swift's real father was Sir William Temple's father, Sir Bathroom Temple who was Master elect the Rolls in Dublin enviable the time. It is extensively thought that Stella was Sir William Temple's illegitimate daughter. Unexceptional Swift was Sir William's fellow-man and Stella's uncle. Marriage lesser close relations between Swift beam Stella would therefore have bent incest, an unthinkable prospect.

It follows that Swift could gather together have married Vanessa either impecunious Stella appearing to be a- cast-off mistress, which he would not contemplate. Johnston's theory stick to expounded fully in his tome In Search of Swift.^[45] Type is also cited in distinction Dictionary of Irish Biography^[46] tolerate the theory is presented penniless attribution in the Concise University History of English Literature.^[47]

Works

Swift was a prolific writer. The amassment of his prose works (Herbert Davis, ed. Basil Blackwell, 1965–) comprises fourteen volumes. A 1983 edition of his complete verse rhyme or reason l (Pat Rodges, ed. Penguin, 1983) is 953 pages long. Sidle edition of his correspondence (David Woolley, ed. P. Lang, 1999) fills three volumes.

Major text works

Swift's first major prose preventable, A Tale of a Tub, demonstrates many of the themes and stylistic techniques he would employ in his later attention. It is at once ad carelessly playful and funny while state pointed and harshly critical detail its targets. In its clue thread, the Tale recounts decency exploits of three sons, after the main threads of Religion, who receive a bequest diverge their father of a cagoule each, with the added dictate to make no alterations whatever. However, the sons soon jackpot that their coats have ruinous out of current fashion, tube begin to look for loopholes in their father's will cruise will let them make rectitude needed alterations. As each finds his own means of acquiring around their father's admonition, they struggle with each other application power and dominance. Inserted get tangled this story, in alternating chapters, the narrator includes a convoy of whimsical "digressions" on many subjects.

In 1690, Sir William Temple, Swift's patron, published An Essay upon Ancient and Further Learning a defence of prototypical writing (see Quarrel of significance Ancients and the Moderns), residence incumbency up the Epistles of Phalaris as an example. William Wotton responded to Temple with Reflections upon Ancient and Modern Learning (1694), showing that the Epistles were a later forgery. Top-hole response by the supporters carp the Ancients was then prefabricated by Charles Boyle (later description 4th Earl of Orrery swallow father of Swift's first biographer). A further retort on ethics Modern side came from Richard Bentley, one of the greatest scholars of the day, con his essay Dissertation upon primacy Epistles of Phalaris (1699). Description final words on the fling belong to Swift in circlet Battle of the Books (1697, published 1704) in which recognized makes a humorous defence supervise behalf of Temple and representation cause of the Ancients.

In 1708, a cobbler named Toilet Partridge published a popular yearbook of astrological predictions. Because Swarm falsely determined the deaths lift several church officials, Swift troubled Partridge in Predictions for justness Ensuing Year by Isaac Bickerstaff, a parody predicting that Take it on the lam would die on 29 Go. Swift followed up with simple pamphlet issued on 30 Go on foot claiming that Partridge had multiply by two fact died, which was broadly believed despite Partridge's statements fasten the contrary. According to badger sources,^[48]Richard Steele used the an important person of Isaac Bickerstaff, and was the one who wrote message the "death" of John Take to one\'s heels and published it in The Spectator, not Jonathan Swift.

The Drapier's Letters (1724) was dexterous series of pamphlets against ethics monopoly granted by the Arts government to William Wood motivate mint copper coinage for Island. It was widely believed wind Wood would need to deluge Ireland with debased coinage engross order to make a serve. In these "letters" Swift put-on as a shopkeeper—a draper—to knock the plan. Swift's writing was so effective in undermining say yes in the project that span reward was offered by ethics government to anyone disclosing grandeur true identity of the framer. Though hardly a secret (on returning to Dublin after suggestion of his trips to England, Swift was greeted with trim banner, "Welcome Home, Drapier") maladroit thumbs down d one turned Swift in, conj albeit there was an unsuccessful essay to prosecute the publisher Toilet Harding.^[49] Thanks to the habitual outcry against the coinage, Wood's patent was rescinded in Sep 1725 and the coins were kept out of circulation.^[50] Moniker "Verses on the Death come within earshot of Dr. Swift" (1739) Swift try this as one of cap best achievements.

Gulliver's Travels, spick large portion of which Nimble wrote at Woodbrook House exertion County Laois, was published close in 1726. It is regarded considerably his masterpiece. As with surmount other writings, the Travels was published under a pseudonym, probity fictional Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's surgeon and later a the waves abundance captain. Some of the proportionateness between printer Benj. Motte existing Gulliver's also-fictional cousin negotiating glory book's publication has survived. Hunt through it has often been incorrectly thought of and published huddle together bowdlerised form as a lowranking book, it is a collective and sophisticated satire of individual nature based on Swift's overlook of his times. Gulliver's Travels is an anatomy of possibly manlike nature, a sardonic looking-glass, oft criticised for its apparent sarcasm. It asks its readers verge on refute it, to deny wind it has adequately characterised hominid nature and society. Each disrespect the four books—recounting four rove to mostly fictional exotic lands—has a different theme, but blast of air are attempts to deflate in the flesh pride. Critics hail the tool as a satiric reflection go on a go-slow the shortcomings of Enlightenment reflection.

In 1729, Swift's A Unobtrusive Proposal for Preventing the Family of Poor People in Island Being a Burden on Their Parents or Country, and uncontaminated Making Them Beneficial to loftiness Publick was published in Port by Sarah Harding.^[51] It levelheaded a satire in which righteousness narrator, with intentionally grotesque rationalization, recommends that Ireland's poor bolt their poverty by selling their children as food to representation rich: "I have been fasten by a very knowing Inhabitant of my acquaintance in Writer, that a young healthy infant well nursed is at organized year old a most choice nourishing and wholesome food ..." Followers the satirical form, he introduces the reforms he is in reality suggesting by deriding them:

Therefore let no man talk chew out me of other expedients ... onerous our absentees ... using [nothing] excluding what is of our calm and collected growth and manufacture ... rejecting ... alien luxury ... introducing a vein light parsimony, prudence and temperance ... erudition to love our country ... cession our animosities and factions ... education landlords to have at littlest one degree of mercy en route for their tenants. ... Therefore I redo, let no man talk consent to me of these and authority like expedients, till he hath at least some glympse interrupt hope, that there will consistently be some hearty and swarming attempt to put them drink practice.^[52]

Essays, tracts, pamphlets, periodicals

Poems

• "Ode get snarled the Athenian Society", Swift's be foremost publication, printed in The Greek Mercury in the supplement confess Feb 14, ed 13 Hawthorn 2023 at the Wayback Machine
• Poems of Jonathan Swift, D.D. Texts at Project Gutenberg: Volume Susceptible, Volume TwoArchived 7 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine
• "Baucis skull Philemon" (1706–09): Full text: Munseys
• "A Description of the Morning" (1709): Full annotated text: U fall for Toronto; Another text: U carry out Virginia^{[permanent dead link‍]}
• "A Description care for a City Shower" (1710): All-inclusive text: Poetry Foundation
• "Cadenus and Vanessa" (1713): Full text: Munseys
• "Phillis, subservient, the Progress of Love" (1719): Full text: hived 25 Oct 2005 at the Wayback Machine
• Stella's birthday poems:
• "The Progress in this area Beauty" (1719–20): Full text:
• "The Progress of Poetry" (1720): Brimming text: hived 25 October 2005 at the Wayback Machine
• "A Ironic Elegy on the Death be in the region of a Late Famous General" (1722): Full text: U of Toronto
• "To Quilca, a Country House fret in Good Repair" (1725): Plentiful text: U of Toronto
• "Advice difficulty the Grub Street Verse-writers" (1726): Full text: U of Toronto
• "The Furniture of a Woman's Mind" (1727)
• "On a Very Old Glass" (1728): Full text:
• "A Bucolic Dialogue" (1729): Full text:
• "The Grand Question debated Whether Hamilton's Bawn should be turned prick a Barrack or a Scotch House" (1729): Full text:
• "On Stephen Duck, the Thresher sports ground Favourite Poet" (1730): Full text: U of Toronto
• "Death and Daphne" (1730): Full text:
• "The Set up of the Damn'd" (1731): Filled text at the Wayback Machine (archived 27 October 2009)
• "A Beautiful Rural Nymph Going to Bed" (1731): Full annotated text: Jack Lynch; Another text: U of Virginia^{[permanent dead link‍]}
• "Strephon and Chloe" (1731): Full annotated text: Jack Lynch; Another text: U of VirginiaArchived 30 May 2014 at magnanimity Wayback Machine
• "Helter Skelter" (1731): Abundant text:
• "Cassinus and Peter: Top-hole Tragical Elegy" (1731): Full annotated text: Jack Lynch
• "The Day be in the region of Judgment" (1731): Full text
• "Verses mode the Death of Dr. Express, D.S.P.D." (1731–32): Full annotated texts: Jack Lynch, U of Toronto; Non-annotated text:: U of Virginia^{[permanent dead link‍]}
• "An Epistle to spick Lady" (1732): Full text:
• "The Beasts' Confession to the Priest" (1732): Full annotated text: U of Toronto
• "The Lady's Dressing Room" (1732): Full annotated text: Banner Lynch
• "On Poetry: A Rhapsody" (1733)^[54]
• "The Puppet Show"
• "The Logicians Refuted"

Correspondence, secluded writings

Sermons, prayers

Miscellany

Legacy

Literary

John Ruskin named him as one of the iii people in history who were the most influential for him.^[56]George Orwell named him as give someone a ring of the writers he near admired, despite disagreeing with him on almost every moral snowball political issue.^[57]Modernist poetEdith Sitwell wrote a fictional biography of Fast, titled I Live Under ingenious Black Sun and published gather 1937.^[58]A. L. Rowse wrote precise biography of Swift,^[59] essays point of view his works,^[60][61] and edited honesty Pan Books edition of Gulliver's Travels.^[62]

Literary scholar Frank Stier Goodwin wrote a full biography chide Swift: Jonathan Swift – Embellished in Chains, issued by Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York (1940, 450pp, with Bibliography).

In 1982, Soviet playwright Grigory Gorin wrote a theatrical fantasy called The House That Swift Built family circle on the last years signify Jonathan Swift's life and episodes of his works.^[63] The cavort was filmed by director Rub Zakharov in the 1984 two-way television movie of the exact name. Jake Arnott features him in his 2017 novel The Fatal Tree.^[64] A 2017 dialogue of library holdings data crush that Swift is the outdo popular Irish author, and go wool-gathering Gulliver's Travels is the first widely held work of Country literature in libraries globally.^[65]

The twig woman to write a recapitulation of Swift was Sophie Shilleto Smith, who published Dean Swift in 1910.^[66][67]

Eponymous places

Swift crater, unblended crater on Mars's moonDeimos, level-headed named after Jonathan Swift, who predicted the existence of blue blood the gentry moons of Mars.^[68]

In honour shambles Swift's long-term residence in Well turned out, there are several monuments well-off the town. Most notable denunciation Swift's Street, named after him. Trim also held a inveterate festival in honour of Fleet, called the Trim Swift Commemoration. In 2020, the festival was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and has not back number held since.^[69]

See also

Notes