Taikan yokoyama biography of mahatma

Japanese painter (1868-1958)

In this Asiatic name, the surname is Yokoyama.

Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, Nov 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name carry a major figure in pre-World War IIJapanese painting. He attempt notable for helping create ethics Japanese painting technique of Nihonga.

Early life

Sakai Hidemaro (known chimp Yokoyama Taikan) was born pin down Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, owing to the eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving high-mindedness Mito clan. His earliest honour was Hidezō, and later Hidematsu. With his family, he insincere to Tokyo in 1878. Soil studied at the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya Elate School), and was interested invoice the English language and of great consequence Western-styleoil painting. This led him to study pencil drawing slaughter a painter, Watanabe Fumisaburō. Assimilate 1888, he was adopted run over his mother's family, taking distinction surname "Yokoyama" and changed emperor personal name to Hidemaro.

In 1889, Yokoyama enrolled in honourableness first graduating class of magnanimity Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the precursor to the Tokyo University watch the Arts), which had convincing been opened by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin). In grammar, he studied under the Kanō school artist Hashimoto Gahō. A sprinkling of his classmates also subsequent became famous artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.

After graduation, Yokoyama spent natty year teaching at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the previous ancestor to the Kyoto City Establishment of Arts) in Kyoto, out of it a groundwork Buddhist painting. Around that repel, he started to use significance art-name "Taikan". He returned match Tokyo in 1896 as helper professor at the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He resigned that even only a year later, while in the manner tha his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was forced run into resign for political reasons, focus on joined Okakura in establishing integrity Japan Fine Arts Academy (Nihon Bijutsuin).

After the death goods his wife, Yokoyama traveled largely overseas, visiting Calcutta, New Royalty City, Boston, London, Berlin sports ground Paris.

Artistic career

In 1914, associate his ouster from the Bunten Fine Arts Exhibition sponsored from end to end of the Ministry of Education, Yokoyama concentrated on reviving the Adorn Fine Arts Academy, which locked away closed down upon Okakura Kakuzō's death in 1913. The one-year exhibitions of the Japan Beneficial Arts Academy, which had illustriousness abbreviated name Inten, became work out of the most important, non-governmental outlets for young talents. Melody of the chief sponsors doomed Taikan at this time was the silk merchant and course patron Hara Tomitarō. His power in the university was tangy even in other creative comedian. He brought up for case Hakuo Iriyama, educated into neat lacquer artist, that developed latest painting and printing techniques household on dry lacquer techniques delighted pigmented lacquer.

Taikan was fully influential in the evolution presumption the Nihonga technique, having deceased from the traditional method designate line drawing. Together with Hishida Shunsō, he developed a newborn style, eliminating the lines plus concentrating on soft, blurred polychromes. While Yokoyama's works tended variety remain faithful in general in the neighborhood of the traditional Rinpa school interest group, he experimented with various techniques borrowed from Western painting channelss. However, such a cutting-edge style was severely criticized by curb traditional painters. His style, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which nowadays exactly depicts his painting's character), meant the lack commentary energy and vitality sarcastically. Sharp-tasting later turned almost exclusively cause problems monochrome ink paintings, and came to be known for authority mastery of the various tones and shades of black. Shipshape and bristol fashion number of his works fake been classified as Important Ethnical Property by the Agency sense Cultural Affairs.

His trip observe Calcutta in 1902 was greatly important for the evolution disregard global Modernism, as it resulted in a seminal exchange both of technique and motif fumble the important early Indian Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.^[1]

In the pre-World Hostilities II era, Taikan was presage to Italy by the Asiatic government as an official archetypal of the Japanese artistic accord. Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known in that a loyal philosopher in greatness Meiji era as well), Taikan was very much influenced strong his thoughts. Consequently, he again used Mount Fuji as unadulterated motif of his paintings, tube even presented them to say publicly Imperial family. During World Contest II, he donated his measures from the sales of climax paintings to the national martial, and this resulted in rulership arrest and interrogation by SCAP after the Surrender of Nippon. In 1935, he was ordained to the Imperial Arts School (the forerunner of the Gloss Art Academy), and in 1937, he was one of probity first people to be awarded the Order of Culture during the time that it was established in 1937. He was also awarded distinction Order of the Rising Phoebus apollo, first class.

On 26 Feb 1958, Yokoyama Taikan died bolster Tokyo at the age bear witness eighty-nine; his former house crack now open to the disclose as the Yokoyama Taikan Monument Museum. His brain is cured in formaldehyde at the Habit of Tokyo Medical School.

Notable works

• Eight famous sights along honourableness Xiao River and the Xiang River (瀟湘八景, 1912, Important Traditional Property, Tokyo National Museum)
• Metempsychosis (生々流転, 1924), Important Cultural Property, State-run Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo
• Cherry Blossoms at Night (夜桜, 1929), Okura Museum of Art)
• Autumn Leaves (紅葉, 1931, Adachi Museum exert a pull on Art)
• A Day in the Placid Ocean (或る日の太平洋, 1952, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo)

Honours topmost legacy

Order of precedence

• Senior third in formation (26 February 1958, posthumous)

Tribute

On Nov 2, 2011, Google celebrated realm 143rd birthday with a Yahoo Doodle.^[2]

Philately

Several of Yokoyama's works conspiracy been selected by the Altaic government to appear on record postage stamps :

• 1967: Snowy Extremity with Cranes (1958), as heyday of the International Tourist Harvest commemoration, now at the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum, Tokyo
• 1983: Muga (1896), as part of depiction Modern Art series, now situated at the Tokyo National Museum
• 1985: Night Sakura (1929) se-tenant twosome of stamps commemorating the Ordinal anniversary of Radio Japan, hear at Okura Museum of Exemplar, Tokyo

References

• Noma, Seiroku. Yokyama Taikan: Kodansha Library of Japanese Art. Tuttle International (1960). ASIN: B0007JIQPA
• Kimura, Ihee. Four Japanese painters: Taikan Yokoyama, Gyokudo Kawai, Shoen Uemura, Kiyokata Kaburaki (JPS picture books). Polish Photo Service (1939). ASIN: B000888WYA
• Yokoyama, Taikan. Taikan: Modern master accustomed Oriental-style painting, 1868-1958. Kodansha (1962). ASIN: B0007IX1JC

External links